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Echinacoside, A phytochemical produced by Echinacea.
Echinacea purpurea produces Echinacoside, a powerful phytochemical.
Ezekiel 47:12 "And by the river upon the bank thereof, on this side and on that side, shall grow all trees for meat, whose leaf shall not fade, neither shall the fruit thereof be consumed: it shall bring forth new fruit according to his months, because their waters they issued out of the sanctuary: and the fruit thereof shall be for meat, and the leaf thereof for medicine."
Phytochemical Name: Echinacoside;
Ethnobotany: What is Ethnobotany? According to Stetson University, Ethnobotany is defined as: "The study of the practical uses of plants within a particular region or culture, focusing on traditional knowledge and customs regarding medicinal, religious, and other applications."(Via: Stetson.EDU) Ethnobotany has major biblical, cultural, and industrial implications. It's a pre-requisit to phytochemistry, as the two fields of study are closely related to one another and co-dependent.
Classification: Chemical type: It's a natural phenylethanoid glycoside that was first isolated from Echinacea;[5] What is a phenylethanoid glycoside? "Phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs) are naturally occurring water-soluble compounds that are widely distributed in the plant kingdom, and most of which are isolated from garden plants and medicinal herbs."[5] According to PubChem it was first isolated in 1950.[6]
Plant Family: It's primarily found in Echinacea.[5] "It's primarily produced in species of Cistanches as well as the aerial part of landscape herb, Penstemon crandallii A. Nels. (Scrophulariaceae), whole plants of Pedicularis striata Pall. and now successively found in 40 plant species belonging to 18 genus and 10 families. To date, the species of genus Cistanches (Orobanchaceae) and Echinacea (Asteraceae) were the main natural plant sources for the preparation of Echinacoside.[5] It's also produced by Jasminum mesnyi.[6]
What is Phytochemistry? It has everything to do with the Phytochemical called: Echinacoside, that's being discussed on this blog. Phytochemistry is defined as: "Phytochemistry is the study of the chemistry of substances found in plants."(Via: https://ibs.upm.edu.my/content/phytochemistry-34443) See also: https://phytochem.nal.usda.gov/
Phytochemicals: What are Phytochemicals? Phytochemicals are miraculous drugs and medicines produced by plants(ethnobotanicals).[1][2][3][4] They are studied in the laboratory for their complex medicinal properties.[1][2][3][4] If you're still confused about what a phytochemical is, please see my blog titled: difference-between-research-chemicals-and-phytochemicals.html
Pharmacological / Medicinal Properties: Echinacoside has numerous pharmacologically beneficial activities(medicinal qualities) for human health, especially in terms of neuroprotective and cardiovascular benefits.[5] Echinacoside has also showed promising potential for treatment of Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases![5] Echinacea has been one of my favorite ethnobotanicals for quite some time now, but the more I learn about it the more I love it. Here's some more facts related to the pharmacology of Echinacoside specifically, as quote via the National Library Of Medicine: "Among the broad range of therapeutic applications of Echinacoside, its neuroprotective bioactive has attracted the more attention of pharmaceutical scientists than the others. Dozens of reports have discovered that Echinacoside was effective in Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases by using both animal experiments and cell lines tests. Besides the neuroprotective action, the cardioactive properties, anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidant and anti-osteoporotic activities as well as other pharmacological potentials of Echinacoside were also confirmed."[5] The ressearch that I just cited suggest that echinacoside could prevent the progress of neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases.[5] Another journal on the National Library Of Medicine website states that Echinacoside has a wide range of physiological effects, such as antioxidation, neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory, and immunoregulation, which are closely related to depression.[7]
How does Echinacoside work? Echinacoside can activate protein kinase B (Akt), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the brain. A key downstream event of the Akt, ERK, and BDNF signaling pathways, namely mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, plays a crucial role in generating an rapid antidepressant effect. Thus, echinacoside is a promising therapeutic agent for depression."[7] The journal I just quoted goes on to state that: "To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to reveal that echinacoside is a potential treatment for depressive disorders.[7]
Mixes well with: Cannabis!, Cacao, Spicey foods, black pepper, red pepper, etc. The list I just shared is based off my own personal experience in knowing what mixes well with Echinacea, which produces Echinacoside and hundreds of other medicines.
O.G. Observations: Here's a chemical supplier that provides it, although I don't know if they provide it to the public. https://www.chemfaces.com/natural/Echinacoside-CFN98105.html It's not a controlled substance or anything.
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Academic citations:
[1] National Library Of Medicine: Dietary Phytochemicals in Health and Disease: Mechanisms, Clinical Evidence, and Applications—A Comprehensive Review | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11922683/ | PMCID: PMC11922683 PMID: 40115248
[5] Echinacoside, an Inestimable Natural Product in Treatment of Neurological and other Disorders | PMCID: PMC6100060 PMID: 29783690 | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6100060/
[6] PubChem: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Echinacoside
[7] Echinacoside exhibits antidepressant-like effects through AMPAR-Akt/ERK-mTOR pathway stimulation and BDNF expression in mice https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34983570/
[8] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6413234/
[2] Balick, Michael J., and Paul Alan Cox. Plants, people, and culture: the science of ethnobotany. Garland Science, 2020.
[3] Tyler, Varro E, et al. Pharmacognosy 1988 (9th Edition)
[4] Swerdlow, Joel L. Nature's Medicine : Plants That Heal. Washington, D.C., National Geographic Society, 2000.
Encyclopedia Sources:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinacoside
Other resources:
M.A.P.S. Ethnobotanical Studies By Scholars
National Library Of Medicine https://www.nlm.nih.gov/
PubChem - pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov